Details of each respondent

Contact name: Nicholas Wrobel
Address: PO Box 90D, 356 West Barnes Lane, New Malden, Surrey, KT3 6JG
Email: --
Tel: 081 336 1733
Fax: 081 942 8909
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Company research group..Software vendor/manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 4
Backgrounds of group members: Engineering
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991
Sources of funding: Company, MOD, Industry
Major focus of VR work: Application development using commercial off-the-shelf equipment.
Application areas: Design, MMI, impact on environment, training.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Coryphaeus Software, Inc. (California), software vendor.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Silicon Graphics computers (networked), designer's workbench suite of software tools, own software add-ons to above, peripherals/controllers etc.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Joystick (3 axis), mouse and touchscreen, sound (3D spatialised sources)

Contact name: Nick Manning
Address: Email: nick@adeskgb.autodesk.com
Tel: 0483 303322
Fax: 0483 304556
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Software vendor/manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 1 (UK), 20 (USA)
Backgrounds of group members: Marketing (UK), Development (USA)
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1988
Sources of funding: Company.
Major focus of VR work: VR software.
Application areas: CAD.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Division
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: VR software toolset to enable software developers to create application based around Autodesk geometry on a PC.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: From a simple mouse and VGA screens up to a full immersive system.

Contact name: Tony Plant
Address: BNR Europe Limited, London Road, Harlow, Essex, CM17 9NA.
Email: T.A.Plant@bnr.co.uk
Tel: 0279 402109
Fax: 0279 402047
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Company research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 4
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Telecomms Engineering.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1994
Sources of funding: Company.
Major focus of VR work: Application development: telecoms equipment installation planning, telecoms network planning, design and presentation, software architecture/design visualisation, CATV service user interfaces.
Application areas: Installation layout and configuration planning, Software Visualisation, Network Visualisation.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Corporate Design Group, BNR: Ergonomics, Psychology, BNR Product Design: Telecomms Engineering, NT European Transmission Systems: Network planning and design, Intelligent Systems, Salford: VR, Simulation, Ergonomics, Psychology, Imperial College.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: 486 PC, Pentium PC, Notebook PC, Spaceball, Superscape VRT 3.5 (access to SGI Onyx, dVS and dVISE).
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Non-immersive (screen-based).

Contact name: Karen Carr
Address: British Aerospace (Ops.) Ltd., Sowerby Research Centre, FPC 267, PO Box 5, Filton, Bristol, BS12 7QW
Email: carr@src.bae.co.uk
Tel: 0272 366259
Fax: 0272 363733
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Company research group
Number of personnel in VR group: 7
Backgrounds of group members: Psychology, Computer Science, Ophthalmology, Human Factors, Vision Science, Audiology
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1987
Sources of funding: Company
Major focus of VR work: Basic human factors for a broad range of applications, but especially CAD, visualisation, rapid prototyping. We aim to provide specifications for VR hardware and software for specific applications, and also to develop tools for evaluating VR.
Application areas: See above.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: University of Cardiff (Psychology and Optometry), UCL (Psychology), University of Durham (Psychology), University of West of England (Computer Science), Interface Technology Research Ltd (Bristol).
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Various experimetal rigs for studying specific components of VR, eg. variable configuration head-mounted display; optical rigs for stereo studies and accommodation studies also Division VPX, various HMDs, LCD shuttering goggles for desktop stereo, Ball graphics engine (ex-Megatek 944), Real World graphics cards, data glove, Exos Dextrous Handmaster, Private Eye.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Direct manual

Contact name: Paul Elton
Address: High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HB
Email: --
Tel: 0223 314848
Fax: 0223 65737
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: CADCentre is a software vendor providing engineering products to the process plant industry.
Number of personnel in VR group: 1--2 in general
Backgrounds of group members: Engineering and Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1994
Sources of funding: Company / customer
Major focus of VR work: Developing a VR application for the walkthrough of process plants (oil rigs, power plants etc.)
Application areas: Our application area is producing software for the design of process plant. Our main product is PDMS (Plant Design Management System) which is the world's leading application for plant design. REVIEW is our plant visualization system to which we are adding a VR capability.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: University of Manchester, Silicon Graphics Ltd., Division Ltd.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: We currently have a SGI Onyx Reality Engine graphics computer with stereo goggles. We are in the process of acquiring a HMD, tracker and 6-DOF input device.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Presently stereo viewing only.

Contact name: Mike Brooks
Address: Virtual Reality Exploration Group, Cheltenham & Gloucester College of Higher Education, Francis Close Hall, Swindon Road, Cheltenham, GL50 4A2
Email: --
Tel: 0242 532889
Fax: --
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Hardware engineer and graphics design, programmer/mathematician, Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since May 1994
Sources of funding: Currently on our faculty budget -- close to zero.
Major focus of VR work: Awareness of rapidly increasing significance of VR, and our institution's plan to offer a new degree programme including VR. Consequently at present our group is simply exploring what other people are doing in VR and what its commercial state is.
Application areas: Initial exploration of the current state of VR
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: --
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Ivor Benjamin
Address: Centre for HCI Design, Department of Business Computing, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0PB
Email: i.d.benjamin@city.ac.uk
Tel: 071 477 8000 x 4033 (not there often!), 071 254 7313 (ansaphone)
Fax: 071 477 8586
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Systems Design, AI, Linguistics, Theatre.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1993.
Sources of funding: EPSRC, University.
Major focus of VR work: HCI.
Application areas: Entertainment.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: In the process of setting up a PC-based lab, with dataglove and HMD
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Intend to investigate gestural and voice input.

Contact name: Tim Martin
Address: New Lane, Havant, PO9 2LY.
Email: tim@coltvr.demon.co.uk
Tel: 0705 451111
Fax: 0705 454220
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Software vendor/manufacturer, end user
Number of personnel in VR group: 7
Backgrounds of group members: Manufacturing Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Controls
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: Company and various grants/collaboration.
Major focus of VR work: Development of software products for the construction industry.
Application areas: Simulated people management, fluid dynamics and CAD.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Superscape VRT3 running on 486 PC's, Explorer on SGI Iris.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Spaceball.

Contact name: Mike King
Address: Criterion Software Ltd., 20, Alan Turing Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 5YF
Email: mking@criterion.canon.co.uk
Tel: 0483 448800
Fax: 0483 574360
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Software vendor/manufacturer, end user
Number of personnel in VR group: 10
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991
Sources of funding: Company research group.
Major focus of VR work: Software multimedia tools (3D Rendering).
Application areas: Interactive 3D rendering.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: --
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Ian Sexton
Address: Dept of Computing Science, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH.
Email: sexton@dmu.ac.uk
Tel: 0533 577498
Fax: 0533 541891
World Wide Web: http://www.cms.dmu.ac.uk/Research/IDRG/idrg

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 4--8
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electronics, Ergonomics.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1990
Sources of funding: DMU and British Industry.
Major focus of VR work: Stereoscopic and Autostereoscopic display systems. Monocular and binocular Eye-tracking as means of interaction in 2D/3D. 3-D interaction techniques.
Application areas: CAD, Design Visualisation, 3DTV, Remote inspection.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Dept of Communication, Wayne State University, Detroit USA. Vision & lighting research group, Dept. of Human Sciences, Loughborough University of Technology. We are not at liberty to disclose some of our collaborators
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Prototype lenticular autostereoscopic displays, Prototype parallax barrier autostereoscopic display, Prototype ferroelectric liquid crystal dynamic parallax barrier display, Spaceball, Tektronix Polarising LCD Shutter, Tektronix LC shutter glasses, 2 x SEGA LC shutter glasses, Parallactiscope, 4 Mattel PowerGloves. RenderWare Software Developer's Kit.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Phillip Denne
Address: D.D.L., Unit 4, Cedar Trade Park, Ferndown Industrial Estate, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 7SB.
Email: --
Tel: 0202 861661
Fax: 0202 861233
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Equipment vendor/manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 6
Backgrounds of group members: Physics, Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, electronics, industrial control, Mathematics, Simulation
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1988 (Simulation since 1985)
Sources of funding: Customers.
Major focus of VR work: Virtual motion systems.
Application areas: Active and passive simulator motion bases, human-movement interactive control of experiences.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: 150 clients worldwide.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Motion hardware.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Pierre duPont, Marketing Director
Address: 19 Apex Court, Woodlands, Almondsbury, Bristol BS12 4JT
Email: dupontp@division.demon.co.uk
Tel: 0454 615554
Fax: 0454 615532
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Equipment vendor/manufacturer and software vendor/manufacturer
Number of personnel in VR group: Approx.\ 60 people world-wide, in all functions of the company. Growing rapidly, so this number will probably change by 50\% before the end of 1994.
Backgrounds of group members: Mostly Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: The company was founded in 1989, and began work on VR software and hardware almost immediately.
Sources of funding: Commercial enterprise. However, we are also involved in a number of DTI-sponsored and EC-sponsored projects.
Major focus of VR work: Application development; VR hardware and VR software development.
Application areas: <
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Many, either as customers, or as joint recipients of a DTI or EC project. Examples include Glaxo Group Research, the University of York, Queen Mary Westfield, Thorn EMI, Reading University, Nottingham University, Salford University, Coventry University, etc
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: ProVision 100; SGI Onyx and Indigo; dVS; dVISE.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Immersive, and also flat-screen, with both stereo (CrystalEyes) and mono.

Contact name: Mrs E C Regan
Address: DRA Centre for Human Sciences, F131, Farnborough, Hants, GU14 6TD
Email: anderson%psi%apre.decnet@ccint1.rsre.mod.uk
Tel: 0252 394729
Fax: 0252 76507
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Government Research Institution.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Psychology, computer science.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1993
Sources of funding: Government agency.
Major focus of VR work: Establishing human factors standards for displays and tracking systems. Some application development.
Application areas: Battlefield simulation.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Division Provision 200 and Provision 100 systems. Virtual Research flight helmet, and N-vision high resolution CRT-based helmet, both fitted with Polhemus trackers. Division 3D mouse (also Polhemus tracker).
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Immersive display, withnatural or mouse-mediated movement.

Contact name: Mark Anders
Address: Go Virtual Ltd, Hamilton House, 111 Marlowes, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP1 1BB
Email: --
Tel: 0442 233030
Fax: 0442 212142
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Company.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Retail marketing and general business, sales, LAN.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992.
Sources of funding: Ongoing business.
Major focus of VR work: To provide Virtual Reality to solve communications problems. Go Virtual provides Virtual Reality services to clients, mostly in the marketing industry, including VR consultancy on the best way to use VR, rental of equipment and commission of program changes (e.g., to include a logo) or bespoke VR experiences.
Application areas: Marketing events (e.g., product launches), exhibitions, conferences, training.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Virtual 'S', software programmers.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Two Division PV200 systems (one 1-user, one 2-user) using flight helmets, Polhemus tracking, sound samplers.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Full immersion.

Contact name: Mr James Ritchie
Address: Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS
Email: James_Ritchie@mech.hw.ac.uk
Tel: 031 449 5111
Fax: 031 451 3129
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 6
Backgrounds of group members: Engineering, mathematics
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1993
Sources of funding: University, Foreign Post Graduates.
Major focus of VR work: Research into software applications and VR applications.
Application areas: Collision detection for VR. VR mechanical assembly planning and knowledge elicitation (the latter is at the `RG2' stage with EPSRC).
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Division, AT&T (formerly NCR), Dundee.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Division Provision 100 VR system with 3D mouse and helmet.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Those developed by Division. If EPSRC grant goes ahead we will buy a dataglove.

Contact name: Professor Robert J Stone
Address: Intelligent Systems Solutions Limited (formerly Advanced Robotics Rsearch Limited, University Road, Salford, M5 4PP.)
Email: rjs@arrc.salf.ac.uk
Tel: 061 745 7384
Fax: 061 745 8264
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Company research group. (main), University research group. (secondary). I am also visiting Professor with the University of Salford's Surveying Department (VR/Construction group).
Number of personnel in VR group: 4
Backgrounds of group members: Psychology, Ergonomics, Electronics, Software & Computer Science, Engineering.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1985 (Stone), since 1989 (ARRL/ISSL).
Sources of funding: ISSL: Virtual Reality and Simulation Initiative (14 companies, Department of Health/Wolfson Foundation, DRA, CEC. University: EPSRC, Department of Environment.
Major focus of VR work: Applications, systems integration, VR peripherals (especially tactile feedback), human factors.
Application areas: Many and varied.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Many and varied.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Silicon Graphics Reality Engine, Iris, Suns, PCs, ARRL Laser Rangefinder, Macrospeak, Flock of Birds and Fastrack trackers, DataGlove, CyberGlove, MultiGEn, ModelGen, video, LCD stereo projector, Spaceball, Sense8, AutoCAD, Alias, robot vehicle, etc.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Desktop (SuperScape VRT), desktop VR and multimedia, Projection VR (2D/3D), fully immersive, glove (cyberglove) or ISSL `Commander' hand controller.

Contact name: Dr William Mitchell
Address: Department of Computing, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD
Email: billy@sun.com.mmu.ac.uk
Tel: 061 247 1493
Fax: --
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 2 lecturers
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1993
Sources of funding: Internal funding.
Major focus of VR work: VR application development.
Application areas: Simple architectural walk-throughs (pilot project now completed), simulation of physiological processes for HE (just starting)
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Department of Biological Sciences, MMU.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: 486 PCs (66 MHz) REND-386, WorldToolkit for Windows.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Due to resourse limitiations using desktop VR with mouse/joystick.

Contact name: Mr Ifan D H Shepherd
Address: Middlesex University, Queensway, Enfield, Middlesex EN3 4SF
Email: ifan1@middlesex.ac.uk
Tel: 081 362 5388
Fax: 081 805 0702
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Geography, Geographical Information Systems, Remote Sensing, Data Visualization.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1993
Sources of funding: HEFCE.
Major focus of VR work: Adaptation for geographical data visualization.
Application areas: Data visualization
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: SuperScape, Pentium (P90) PC.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Mouse (considering DataGlove).

Contact name: Dr Norman Rhodes
Address: St Anne House, 20--26 Wellesley Road, Croydon CR9 2UL.
Email: nr2@mottmac.co.uk
Tel: 081 686 5041
Fax: 081 681 5706
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Engineering consultants.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Mechanical Engineering, computer animation.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1993
Sources of funding: Internal.
Major focus of VR work: Application development.
Application areas: Evacuation and safety.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: --
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Peter Johnson
Address: Dept. Computer Studies, Napier University, 219 Colinton Road, Edinburgh
Email: vrprj@uk.ac.napier.dcs
Tel: --
Fax: --
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: As yet we don't have a formal VR research group. However, there are 5 people (myself included) doing work in VR. This includes some core VR research, object editing in 3D, and database visualisation. We are also in the process of preparing an introductory course in VR.
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Psychology.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: Napier University.
Major focus of VR work: Software for VR.
Application areas: The preparation of a VR course. In addition, I'm currently looking at object behaviour and networked VR. Work is also being undertaken on database visualisation and object creation.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: RenderWare 1.3.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Non-immersive Windows interface with mouse interaction.

Contact name: Simon Skinner
Address: Lever House, 3 St James Road, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2BA
Email: --
Tel: 081 546 4908
Fax: 081 549 8035
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Equipment vendor/manufacturer and Software vendor/manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 10 (approx.)
Backgrounds of group members: Mainly Computer Science and Electronic Engineering.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992.
Sources of funding: Company (private venture) and Government Agency (USA and UK).
Major focus of VR work: Image generation system, non-immersive for simulation and training.
Application areas: None in particular, but simulation and training for military applications is most of our work.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Own product `Stride', PC-based image generator plus associated tools.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Control platform, laser aiming devices, position trackers (Science Accessories Corp.).

Contact name: Mel Slater
Address: Dept of Computer Science, QMW University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS
Email: mel@dcs.qmw.ac.uk
Tel: 071 975 5242
Fax: 081 980 6533
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 6
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: SERC/DTI/Private.
Major focus of VR work: Human-computer interaction -- understanding of people's responses to `VR' and constructing interfaces based on this understanding. Building applications. Exploitation of parallel architectures.
Application areas: Architectural walkthrough, modeling.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Psychology, and medical sciences. Division PLC.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: ProVision 200, ProVision 100 VX
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: We have developed a paradigm called `body centred interaction'. The idea of this is that presence is maximised when there is a match between proprioceptive feedback and sensory data.

Contact name: Matthew Chalmers
Address: Rank Xerox EuroPARC, 61 Regent Street, Cambridge CB2 1AB
Email: chalmers@europarc.xerox.com
Tel: 0223 341546
Fax: 0223 341525
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Company research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 1
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991.
Sources of funding: Company.
Major focus of VR work: Information visualization.
Application areas: Information visualization, document access/electronic libraries.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Informally, with miscellaneous people here: Bill Gaver (Psychology, soon to be at the Royal College of Art), and at PARC: natural Language Theory and Technology Group, User Interface Research Group.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Hardware: Sun SS2 with GX board, software: SICS DIVE.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Mouse-based.

Contact name: Jonathan Grove
Address: Mundella House, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP.
Email: J.M.Grove@SHU.ac.uk
Tel: 0742 532236
Fax: --
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 2
Backgrounds of group members: Linguistics, Communication studies.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992.
Sources of funding: University.
Major focus of VR work: Application development.
Application areas: Educational VR.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: VIRART Virtual Reality Applications Team, Nottingham University.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: We don't possess any VR technology at present, we are using the facilities and technical expertise of VIRART.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed:

Contact name: Martin Capey
Address: Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Swansea Institute of Higher Education, Mount Pleasant, Swansea SA1 6ED.
Email: --
Tel: 0792 481117
Fax: 0792 481117
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Company Research Group, based within the Faculty of Electronic Engineering.
Number of personnel in VR group: 4
Backgrounds of group members: Optolectronics, systems engineer, product design, fine art/management/data management.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since We are on the edge of becoming active!
Sources of funding: DTI Smart award.
Major focus of VR work: VR preipherals, particularly visual displays.
Application areas: Head-mounted displays, retinal scanning.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Apollo 715 workstations, PC platforms, SDRC `I-DEAS' software, wavefront personal visualizer software.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Ian Lazenby/Roger Morris
Address: Thame Park Road, Thame, Oxfordshire OX9 3UQ
Email: ilazenby@tswl.co.uk
Tel: 0884 261456
Fax: 0884 260056
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Software distributor and hardware value-added retailer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Royal Naval Warfare Officer, management.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: Company
Major focus of VR work: Selling to VR companies.
Application areas: Silicon Graphics based VR, simulators, 3d visualization and modelling.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Intelligent Systems Solutions Ltd (INSYS), member of Virtual Reality and Simulation Initiative.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Multigen and Modelgen 3D modelling software, Vega, Audio Works image generation software and 3D sound software.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Dr Richard Taylor/Professor Phil Willis
Address: School of Mathematical Sciences/Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY
Email: rit@maths.bath.ac.uk
Tel: 0225 826975
Fax: 0225 826492
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 4
Backgrounds of group members: Electronic Engineering, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing, Mathematics
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: SERC (ACME).
Major focus of VR work: Software. Design by virtual manufacturing.
Application areas: Development of tools for virtual design and manufacturing.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: We have industrial collaborators who do not wish to be named at this stage.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Silicon Graphics Reality Engine II, Crystaleyes Stereoscopic Glasses, Open Inventor 3D Toolkit, SVLIS Solid Modeller.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: 2D and 3D mice

Contact name: Dr G Dodds
Address: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH.
Email: GI.Dodds@vax2.queens-belfast.ac.uk
Tel: 0232 2245133 x4086
Fax: 0232 667023
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: --
Backgrounds of group members: Electronic Engineering
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: Achieved funding includes EC, government research funds, company donations.
Major focus of VR work: Hardware for sensing and interfacing. Software for multi-arm robotic applications. Entertainment and disabled user aid. Compression for real-time transmission of 3D stereo data (3D MPEG) from server to client.
Application areas: See above.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Mechanical Engineering (QUB) for visualization.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Silicon Graphics Indy RD4600, dVise software, Liquid Image HMD, CrystalEyes stereoscopic glasses interfaced to PC, in-house force sensing, Polhemus motion detection, 3Ball mouse, rend386, workspace 3.0 and avril.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: VR interaction -- image, force, head motions, sound (future), position sensing and mouse.

Contact name: Professor A R Forrest
Address: University of East Anglia, School of Information Systems, Norwich NR4 7TJ.A
Email: forrest@sys.uea.ac.uk
Tel: 0603 592605
Fax: 0603 507720
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 8
Backgrounds of group members: Mechanical Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1990.
Sources of funding: EPSRC studentships, University, Apple U.K. and U.S.
Major focus of VR work: Peripherals, application developments, non-immersive VR, visualization.
Application areas: Visualization, design, human interfaces.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Apple Quadra 950 x2, Silicon Graphics Indy x2, Korg synthesiser.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Non-immersive VR exploiting sound and touch.

Contact name: Derek Nicoll
Address: RM.\ B16, Dept. of Psychology, Edinburgh University. 7, George Sq., Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ
Email: ejuv19@festival.ed.ac.uk
Tel: 031 650 3454
Fax: --
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: Variable (1--5).
Backgrounds of group members: Psychology.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1990
Sources of funding: ESRC.
Major focus of VR work: Hardware or software architectures, VR peripherals, application development, etc.)
Application areas: None but interests in emotional iconography.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: --
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Rycharde Hawkes
Address: Virtual Environment Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ
Email: rych@hagg.psy.ed.ac.uk
Tel: 031 650 3426
Fax: 031 650 6534
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: Two full-time Research Associates, Two academic staff, One associate optometrist, Numerous part-time under/post-graduate students.
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Psychology, Vision Science and Movement Studies.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991
Sources of funding: JCI (MRC) * 2, SERC.
Major focus of VR work: Perception and action in natural and virtual environments.
Application areas: Driving simulation.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Computer Science Department, University of Edinburgh, Glasgow Caledonian University, Vision Sciences, Virtual Research, Virtuality, Astlee Ainsley Hospital, Edinburgh, Real World Simulation.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Network of 3-4 486/386 PCs, Super Reality II Image Generator, Reality3 Image Generator, Isotrak, Fastrak, Flock of Bird(s), Mice, joysticks, spaceball, instrumented car, instrumented bike, glove. Projection screens and BARCO projector, monitors, stereo monitor, VPL Eyephone LX (and occassional loans), QNX distributed real-time operating system, compilers etc., 3D Studio, misc. image processing software and home-grown VE support software.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Non-immersive through the use of mono \& stereo monitors, projection systems and immersive using HMDs. A variety of movement control devices have been tried including spaceball, mice, joysticks, instrumented car, instrumented bike.

Contact name: Dr Adrian F Clark
Address: Dept. Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ
Email: alien@essex.ac.uk
Tel: 0206 872432
Fax: 0206 872900
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 2
Backgrounds of group members: Physics, Electronic Engineering
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1994
Sources of funding: Currently unfunded, though some of it is associated with an IED collaborative prohject.
Major focus of VR work: Developing a system for stereoscopic endoscopy, with VR controlling the gaze. This is currently at the `proving the principle' stage.
Application areas: Endoscopy.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: We are currently in discusson with a `keyhole' surgeon and an endoscope manufacurer regarding collaboration.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Silicon Graphics workstations. Looking for suitable hardware for stereo viewing.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: As yet, only mouse-based -- rather unsatisfactory.

Contact name: Dr R D Macredie
Address: Dept of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX.A
Email: verc-info@dcs.hull.ac.uk
Tel: 0482 465910/5951
Fax: 0482 466666
World Wide Web: http://web.dcs.hull.ac.uk/VERC

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 8 (in the CS part of the VERC).
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992.
Sources of funding: We pursue funding through many avenues: EC, EPSRC(SERC), ESRC, DTI, ACME, Medical Charities, companies.
Major focus of VR work: Medical applications -- we use this to address what we see as central, fundamental challenges for VR.
Application areas: Medical applications, defence/military work, education and training.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Several organisations -- some are quite sensitive.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Silicon Graphics 310 VGX, 420 VGXT, Indys (on oder), videosplitter, several Suns, PCs, Division HMD, Sense8, WTK, different trackers, VHCs, other modelling software, dVS, spaceball.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Desktop (spaceball, mouse) and immersive (HMD, glove).

Contact name: Terrence Fernando
Address: University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT
Email: ltpf@uk.ac.leeds.scs
Tel: 0532 335767
Fax: 0532 335468
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 12
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Engineering.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991.
Sources of funding: University/Keyworth Institute and DTI.
Major focus of VR work: Application Development.
Application areas: Interactive Constraint-based Solid Modelling, Virtual Environment for Maintenance Simulation, Distributed Virtual Environment for Concurrent Engineering.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Keyworth Institute of Manufacturing and Information Systems Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: SGI R4000 machines, Indy machines, Reality Engine, spaceball.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: We have developed constraint-based 3D interaction techniques for interacting with our solid models.

Contact name: Drs Nigel Foreman and Paul Wilson
Address: Department of Psychology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH.
Email: for|pnw1@leicester.ac.uk
Tel: 0533 522169/522158
Fax: 0533 522067
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 8
Backgrounds of group members: Psychology (sometimes have computing and engineering graduates).
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: Charity (Action Research), BT, European funds.
Major focus of VR work: Development of applications in Behavioural Sciences.
Application areas: Spatial research, spatial skills in man, perception.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Loose cooperation with various people, mutual interests with BT, and foreign groups in France and Russia.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: 486 PCs mainly, enhanced for speed and graphics quality, SuperScape software, WorldToolKit for Windows, Renderware, dataglove, 3D spectacles; Also have access to head-immersion (liquid image headset, Polhemus.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Desk-top keyboard, joystick, spaceball inputs plus devices produced in Russia to interface kids with handicaps, also access to head-immersion system.

Contact name: Sean Clark
Address: Britannia Mill, Mackworth Road, Derby DE22 3BL.
Email: S.M.Clark@derby.ac.uk
Tel: 0332 622222x4044
Fax: 0332 622218
World Wide Web: http://dougal.derby.ac.uk/DRC

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: Only 2 out of 15 have a direct interest in VR.
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Art and Design, Colour Science.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991.
Sources of funding: Range of sources inc. internal funds.
Major focus of VR work: HCI.
Application areas: VR in art and design.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: LUTCHI Research Centre
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Macs with multimedia equipment and 3D modeller. PC with REND386, PowerGlove, Shutter Glasses etc.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Our work is in an early stage and we are still investigating this.

Contact name: Dr Roger Hubbold
Address: Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL
Email: hubbold@cs.man.ac.uk
Tel: 061 275 6158
Fax: 061 275 6236
World Wide Web: http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/aig/aig.html

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 4 academic staff, approximately 12 postgraduate and 10 undergraduate students.
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Engineering.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991
Sources of funding: University, EPSRC/ACME
Major focus of VR work: resarch into the use of advanced human-computer interfaces such as Virtual Reality and stereo displays, for the solution of real-world problems.
Application areas: Visualisation of volume data, especially 3D medical images (in conjunction with the University Medical School and local teaching hospitals); The development of a VR interface for a large CAD system (in a collaborative project with CADCentre, Cambridge); Generation of high resolution 3D images (in a collaborative project with Sharp Research Laboratories, Oxford); A variety of undergraduate and postgraduate projects ranging from playing virtual musical instruments to VR interfaces for computer animation.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: See above.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: High-performance Silicon Graphics workstations, a pair of Sharp large screen video projectors for stereoscopic projection, a head-mounted display, 3D mice based on Polhemus magnetic trackers, and a stereo sound system using a MIDI interface. The Silicon Graphics screens also support stereo display using LCD shutter glasses.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Immersive, using a HMD, 3D interaction using magnetic trackers and 3D mice, stereo glasses and large-screen displays.

Contact name: Dr Damian Schofield
Address: Dept. of Mineral Resources Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
Email: aims@vmel.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk
Tel: 0602 514094
Fax: 0602 678494
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 8 PhD students, 1 Post Doc, 1 Academic. Staff in the AIMS Unit: 1 full-time PhD student on VR, 2 others work part-time on the projects.
Backgrounds of group members: Most have engineering backgrounds. Recently taken on a mathematician and a computer scientist.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since October 1994
Sources of funding: University funded, and proposals into EPSRC and EC for larger amounts of funding.
Major focus of VR work: Application development in Minerals industry.
Application areas: Minerals industry, risk assessment in underground situations, opencast visualization and planning, oli rig abandonment scenarios.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: JDS Drilling Services (consultancy), British Coal (Group Headquarters), IMCL (Consultants).
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: PC equipment: fast, large monitors and graphics cards, Superscape VRT V3.5, purchasing World Toolkit shortly.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Large screens, joysticks and mice, SoundBlaster and speakers.

Contact name: Dr Steve Benford
Address: Dept or Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
Email: sdb@cs.nott.ac.uk
Tel: 0602 514203
Fax: 0602 514254
World Wide Web: http://web.crg.cs.nott.ac.uk/

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 6 (strictly VR)
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, engineering.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: COMIC - ESPRIT III, EC project, Virtuosi - SERC/DTI CSCW initiative, Virtual Classroom - Ropa grant, EPSRC, Phobia Investigations - Medical Research Council, GIS project - NERC.
Major focus of VR work: software architectures, applications, metaphors of interaction.
Application areas: Information visualization, CSCW. Visualising data spaces as populated information terrains, developing VR architecture to support large scale populated worlds of interaction.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Lancaster University - Computing and Sociology Departments Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS), Manchester University, Nottingham Trent University, BICC, British Telecom, Division, GPT (these are with the COMIC and Virtuosi projects mainly)
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Hardware: SGI Indigo 2 Extreme, Division IPU, Eyegen 3 HMD, 2 SGI Indy's, Sun Sparc 10 51/ZX, 2 486 DX2's running Linux/Dos, 2 Sun Sparc 1's, Spaceball. Software: DIVE (from SICS), dVS (from Division), WorldToolKit, Superscape, Multiverse, MR toolkit.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Desktop and immersive.

Contact name: Dr Neil Mort
Address: Department of Automatic Control & Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, PO Box 600, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 4DU.
Email: n.mort@sheffield.ac.uk
Tel: 0742 825559
Fax: 0742 731729
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: Varies (around 5).
Backgrounds of group members: Engineering.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992.
Sources of funding: --
Major focus of VR work: Application development and appraisal.
Application areas: Industrial and medical.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Homebrew hardware \& software, PC with VRT, WTK for DOS, Jack.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: --

Contact name: Rob Yates
Address: Departmet of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD.
Email: svirg@sheffield.ac.uk
Tel: 0742 825146
Fax: 0742 726391
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 5
Backgrounds of group members: Electronic Engineering, Electronic and computer systems engineering, Computer Science, Architecture, Physics. <
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: Departmental.
Major focus of VR work: VR peripherals, hardware and software architecture.
Application areas: --
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Sheffield Virtual Reality Academic Group (SViRG)
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Glove, HMD under design, 486 DX4 PC @100 MHz.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Direct hand manipulation and gesture-based UI.

Contact name: Richard So (Research staff), Prof. M.J. Griffin (Head)
Address: Human Factors Research Unit, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ.
Email: rhys@isvr.soton.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0)703 592853
Fax: +44 (0)703 593033
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 17 Research staffs and 2 involved with VR research.
Backgrounds of group members: Physics, Electronics Eng., Mechanical Eng., Ergonomics, Psychology, Acoustic Eng.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1987.
Sources of funding: Government agency.
Major focus of VR work: Human factors research.
Application areas: Head aiming, head tracking, effects of vibration, effects of lag.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Defence Research Agency, United States Air Force.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: A 17x17 see-thru' monocular CRT HMD, a 50 diameter see-thru' binocular CRT HMD, 2 magnetic head trackers, 1 eye tracker and a Silicon Graphics 4D-50G workstation.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Head-coupled immersive.

Contact name: Dr A Retik
Address: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG
Email: a.retik@strath.ac.uk
Tel: 041 552 4400(3429)
Fax: 041 553 2066
World Wide Web: http://www.strath.ac.uk/Departments/Civeng/webpers.html

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 3
Backgrounds of group members: Civil Engineering, Computer Science, Information Science.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1993
Sources of funding: SERC, University
Major focus of VR work: Application development.
Application areas: Construction planning and scheduling, design coordination.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: `Virtual Construction Team' from Dept. of Civil Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: PC 486/50 MHz, 20 Mb RAM, joystick, SuperScape VRT 3-50, 3D studio.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Non-immersive desktop and projection.

Contact name: Roy Ruddle
Address: School of Psychology, University of Wales College of Cardiff, PO Box 901, Cardiff, CF1 3YG
Email: ruddle@cardiff.ac.uk
Tel: 0222 874007
Fax: 0222 874858
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 5+
Backgrounds of group members: Psychology, Computing and Engineering
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992
Sources of funding: DRA and University of Wales (Cardiff)
Major focus of VR work: Research into a wide variety of cognitive aspects of virtual (ie. 3D) environments
Application areas: Human workload when using multiple displays Cognitive aspects of virtual worlds
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: None (currently -- is probably about to change.)
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: SGI Crimson RE, HMD, Audio lab, PC-HMD system. Software:in house expertise + SGI OGL + Performer
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Currently purchasing various (ie. mouse/keyboard + glove, 3d mouse + custom built)

Contact name: Dr. J. Crellin
Address: School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1SB
Email: cm1942@ccub.wlv.ac.uk
Tel: 0902 322203
Fax: 0902 322680
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: PhD Supervision in a related area.
Number of personnel in VR group: 4 people interested in this area.
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Psychology.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1994
Sources of funding: Company funded research project.
Major focus of VR work: Interface metaphors for representation of 3D CAD objects.
Application areas: CAD.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Work primarily on 'desktop' VR.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Mouse and command, other IO devices under consideration at the moment.

Contact name: Phil Allsopp
Address: Barclay House, 35 Whitworth Street, Manchester, M1 5NG.
Email: phil@virtek.com
Tel: +44 (0)161 237 9929
Fax: +44 (0)161 237 5553
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Software vendor/manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: Currently 5.
Backgrounds of group members: Qualified Art Director, Engineer qualified to MSc, Mathematician qualified to MSc
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992.
Sources of funding: Private investments.
Major focus of VR work: VR Development Software/Consultancy.
Application areas: VR development software.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Software: our own system and many competitors products. Hardware: the Forte HMD, the CyberMaxx HMD.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Immersive and non immersive using standard input devices.

Contact name: T W Rowley
Address: Virtuality House, 3 Oswin Road, Brailsford Industrial Park, Braunstone, Leicester LE3 1HR.
Email: --
Tel: 0116 2337000
Fax: 0116 2471855
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Equipment/software vendor/manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 110
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Electronic Engineering, Graphics Design.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1984.
Sources of funding: Sales of VR products.
Major focus of VR work: Hardware and software architectures, special purpose peripherals, man/machine interfaces, VR worlds, applications.
Application areas: Entertainment, medical.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: IBM: manufacture and sale of VR products, Sega: development of entertainment environments.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Several sorts of VR systems are manufactured, giving complete coverage of teh range of facilities.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Gloves, space joysticks, V-Flexors, head and hand trackers.

Contact name: Denise Haskew
Address: 25 Corsham Street, London N1 6DR
Email: denise@presence.demon.co.uk
Tel: 071 253 9699
Fax: 071 490 8968
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Equipment Vendor/Manufacturer, Software Vendor/Manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 12
Backgrounds of group members: Computer Science, Engineering, Marketing.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991.
Sources of funding: Private company.
Major focus of VR work: Systems configuration, applications development.
Application areas: Industrial simulation, engineering, space simulation, underwater simulation, ergonomics, training, transport and logistics, CAD, art etc...
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: --
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Full VR Lab containing: trackers, HMDs, workstations, toolkit software.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Magnetic, ultrasonic gloves and joysticks, 3D mice and spaceballs.

Contact name: Dr Sue Cobb/Professor John Wilson
Address: ons Management, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD.
Email: epzjrw@unicorn.nott.ac.uk
Tel: 0602 514070/514004
Fax: 0602 514000
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: University research group.
Number of personnel in VR group: 6, plus student/research projects.
Backgrounds of group members: Psychology, Ergonomics, Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science, Theoretical Mechanics, Physics, Electronics.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1991.
Sources of funding: A variety of different sources for dufferent projects, including research funding bodies (such as EPSRC), local and national charities and individual companies. Health and Safety Executive.
Major focus of VR work: Applications research, development and testing. Usability/utility evaluations, health and safety research -- effects of VR on users.
Application areas: Training and education (mainstream and special needs), manufacturing -- varied according to user requirements.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Department of Learning Disabilities (Queens Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham), and Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (Charing Cross Hospital, London), Loughborough University.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: 3 486 PCs, Superscape VRT, 1 Apple macintosh Quadra, Virtus, Crystal Eyes, Syberscope.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Glove, spaceball, joystick, mouse.

Contact name: Ian Capon
Address: `The Limes', 123 Mortlake High Street, Barnes, London SW14 8SN.
Email: --
Tel: 081 391 9000
Fax: 081 392 2424
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Software vendor/manufacturer.
Number of personnel in VR group: 5
Backgrounds of group members: Sales and marketing, Audio Engineering, Fine Art, Computer Software.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1990.
Sources of funding: Company.
Major focus of VR work: Creating applications.
Application areas: Sales and marketing, new products, visualization.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Manufacturers.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: PCs, Apple Macintoshes, Division workstations.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Joystick/3D mouse.

Contact name: D A Griffith
Address: Telec House, Goldcroft, Yeovil, Somerset BA21 4DQ.
Email: --
Tel: 0935 24545
Fax: 0935 32864
World Wide Web: --

Type of organisation: Defense Studies House
Number of personnel in VR group: 6
Backgrounds of group members: Army, Engineering, Physics, Design.
Time actively involved in VR work: Since 1992.
Sources of funding: Other defense companies, Defense Research Agency, non-defence-related companies, Ministry of Defense.
Major focus of VR work: Application development.
Application areas: Salesa dn marketing, defense study work, loading/packaginf studies, site visualization.
Collaborations with other groups or organisations: Superscape Limited.
VR-related hardware and software facilities used: Superscape VRT, spaceball, 3D studio (for textures), IBM-compatible PCs, SPEA monitor and FGA4 graphics card.
Styles of VR interaction techniques employed: Desktop -- PC-based, non-immersive, control by spaceball, joystick, mouse, SpaceMouse, keyboard.

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