Executive Summary

Overview Report

Main Report

Bibliographic History
  pre 1960s
  1960s
  1970s
  1980s
  1990s

The 1990s

'virtual urban environments'
source: the VENUE project http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/venue/venue.html

Abel, DJ and Mark, DM (1990) A comparative analysis of some two-dimensional orderings, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 4, (1), 21-31

Abler, RF (1993) Everything in its place, GPS, GIS, and geography in the 1990s, Professional geographer, 45, (2), 131

Aboud, M, Chrisment, C, Razouk, R, Sedes, F and Souledupuy, C (1993) Querying a hypertext information-retrieval system by the use of classification, Information Processing & Management, 29, (3), 387-396

Acevedo, W and Bell, C (1994) Time series animation of historical urban growth for the San Francisco Bay region. Association of American Geographers 90th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, 2

Advanced Visual Systems (1992) AVS Users Guide, AVS Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts

Ainge, DJ (1996) Upper primary students constructing and exploring three dimensional shapes, a comparison of virtual reality with card nets, Journal of Educational Computing Research, 14, (4), 345-369

Aitken, S, Stutz, F, Prosser, R and Chandler, R (1993) Neighborhood integrity and residents' familiarity, using a geographic information system to investigate place identity, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 84, (1), 2

Al-Taha, KK and Barrera, R (1990) Temporal data and GIS, an overview, GIS / LIS '90 Proceedings, 1, 357-372

Albertz, J and Tauch, R (1994) Mapping from space, cartographic applications of satellite image data, Geojournal, 32, (1), 29-38

Aldenderfer, MS and Maschner, HDG (eds, 1996) Anthropology, space, and geographic information systems, Oxford University Press, New York

Allan, J (1997) Building hypertext using information retrieval, Information Processing & Management, 33, (2), 145-159

Allen, KM, Green, SW and Zubrow, EBW (eds, 1990) Interpreting space: GIS and archaeology, Taylor & Francis, London

Alpern, B, Carter, L and Selker, T (1990) Visualizing computer memory architectures. Visualization '90. Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Visualization, 107-113, October, San Francisco, California

Amesberger, H and Halbmayr B (1996) Schindlers List, using features for political education in Austrian schools, a case study. Osyerreichische Zeitschrift fur Politikwissenscaft, 25, (1), 61

Anderson, DR (1990) The application of geographical information systems in the spatial analysis of crime. In H. J. Scholten and J. C. H. Stillwell (eds) Geographical information systems for urban and regional planning, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 143-152

Anon (1992) Using computer-graphics software for end-user instruction, Online, 16, (3), 5-6

Anon (1994) Computer animation helps jury in patent infringement suit, surgical clip applier was subject, Biotechnology Law Report, 13, (4), 515

Anon (1996) Sig/hci, sig/vis and sig/lan-navigating complexity, new interfaces for the world-wide-web and data visualization. Proceedings of the Asis Annual Meeting, 33, 282

Anselin, L (1995) Local indicators of spatial association, lisa, Geographical Analysis, 27, (2), 93-115

Anselin, L and Bao, S (1996) Exploratory spatial data analysis linking spaceStat and ArcView, Research Paper 9618, Regional Research Institute and Department of Economics, West Virginia Uni, Morgantown, West Virginia, 27

Anselin, L and Getis, A (1992) Spatial statistical analysis and geographic information systems, Annals of regional science, 26, (1), 19

Arents, HC and Bogaerts, WFL (1993) Concept-based retrieval of hypermedia information, from term indexing to semantic hyperindexing, Information Processing & Management, 29, (3), 373-386

Arlinghaus, SL, Nystuen, JD and Woldenberg, MJ (1992) An application of graphical analysis to semidesert soils, Geographical review, 82, (3), 244

Armenakis, C (1993) Map animation and hypermedia, tools for understanding changes in spatio-temporal data. Proceedings of theCanadian Conference on GIS, Ottawa, 1, 859-868.

Armenakis, C and Siekierska, EM (1991) Issues on the visualisation of time-dependent geographical information. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on GIS '91, Ottawa, 1, 584-595.

Armstrong, MP, Densham, PJ, Lolonis, P and Rushton, G (1992) Cartographic displays to support locational decision making. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 19 (3) 154-164

Asahi, T, Turo, D and Shneiderman, B (1995) Using treemaps to visualize the analytic hierarchy process, Information Systems Research, 6, (4), 357-375

Asche, H and Herrmann, CM (1993) Electronic mapping systems - a multimedia approach to spatial data use. Proceedings of the 16th International Cartographic Conference, Cologne, 2, 1101-1108

Au, G and Paul, RJ (1994) Graphical simulation-model specification based on activity cycle diagrams, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 26, (2), 295-306

Avila, RA, Biner, PM, Bink, ML and Dean, RS (1995) Course materials presentation using video-based technologies, an evaluative study of college-student performance and attitudes. Psychology in the Schools, 32, (1), 38-45

Baayen, RH and Lieber, R (1996) Word frequency distribution and lexical semantics, Computers and the Humanities, 30, (4), 281-291

Baker, HH (1990) Computation and manipulation of 3D surfaces from image sequences. In G. M. Nielson, B. Shriver and L. J. Rosenblum (eds) Visualization in Scientific Computing, IEEE Computer Society Press, California, 109-127

Balle, C, Dubreuil, F and Bouret, B (1992) At last, a computer aid for the teaching of electronics which answers all the nagging questions about capacitors, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 602, 100-110

Banchoff, TF (1994) Interactive computer-graphics, higher-dimensional geometry and electronic publication, from flatland to hypertext, Serials Librarian, 24, (3-4), 9-15

Bancrift, G, Plessel, T, Merritt, F, Walatka, PP and Watson, V (1990) Scientific visualization in computational aerodynamics at NASA Ames research center. In G. M. Nielson, B. Shriver and L. J. Rosenblum (eds) Visualization in Scientific Computing, IEEE Computer Society Press, California, 237-244

Barfield, W and Rosenberg, C (1995) Judgments of azimuth and elevation as a function of monoscopic and binocular depth cues using a perspective display, Human Factors, 37, (1), 173-181

Barfield, W, Hendrix, C and Bjorneseth, O (1995) Spatial performance with perspective displays as a function of computer-graphics eyepoint elevation and geometric field-of-view, Applied Ergonomics, 26, (5), 307-314

Barfield, W, Rosenberg, C and Furness, TA (1995) Situation awareness as a function of frame of reference, computer-graphics eyepoint elevation, and geometric field-of-view, International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 5, (3), 233-256

Basu, A and Blanning, RW (1994) Model integration using metagraphs, Information Systems Research, 5, (3), 195-218

Basu, A and Blanning, RW (1995) Metagraphs, Omega-International Journal of Management Science, 23, (1), 13-25

Bateman, IJ, Garrod, GD, Brainard, JS and Lovett, AA (1996) Measurement issues in the travel cost method: a geographical information systems approach, Journal of agricultural economics, 47, (2), 191-205

Batty, M (1992) Urban modeling in computer-graphic and geographic information-system environments, Environment and Planning B, Planning & Design, 19, (6), 663-688

Batty, M and Longley, P. (1994) Fractal Cities: a geometry of form and function, Academic Press, San Diego, California (and London)

Batty, M. (1997) The use of visualization for modelling and simulation. Paper presented at the Graphics, visualisation and the Social Sciences workshop, 8-9^th May 1997, Loughborough

Batty, M. (1997) Virtual worlds for city planners and urban designers: How the Net and VR technologies can help us understand (and design) the built environment. Paper presented at the Graphical Information: Enhancing understanding workshop, 9-10 July 1997, Edinburgh

Batty, M. (1997) Visualizing spatial development through agent-based simulations. Advisory group on computer graphics, technical report series 33 (graphics, visualization and the social sciences workshop report), 2/1-2/2

Beard, K and Mackaness, W (1993) Visual access to data quality in geographic information systems, Cartographica, 30 (2-3) 37-44

Beard, K, Buttenfield, B and Clapham, S (1991) NCGIA research initiative 7, visualization of spatial data quality, NCGIA Technical Paper 91-26, Santa Barbara, California, 222

Beard, MK and Buttenfield, BP (eds, 1991) NCGIA research initiative 7, visualization of spatial data quality. NCGIA Technical Paper 91-126.

Beard, MK, Buttenfield, BP and Clapham, SB (1991) Visualization of spatial data quality, Scientific Report for the Specialist Meeting, Santa Barbara, California, NCGIA Technical Paper 91-26, ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, 6, Auto-Carto, 10, 423-427

Becker, RA, Eick, SG, Miller, EO and Wilks, AR (1990) Dynamic graphics for network visualization. Visualization '90. Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Visualization, 93-96, October, San Francisco, California

Becker, RA, Eick, SG, Miller, EO and Wilks, AR (1990) Network visualization. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Zurich, 1, 285-294

Beddow, J (1990) Shape coding of multidimensional data on a microcomputer display. Visualization '90. Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Visualization, 238-246, October, San Francisco, California

Bell, C, Acevedo, W and Buchanan, JT (1995) Dynamic mapping of urban regions, growth of the San Francisco Sacramento region. Proceedings of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, San Antonio, Texas, 1, 723-734

Bell, SBM, Chadwick, RA, Cooper, APR, Mason, DC, O'Connell, M and Young, PAV (1990) Handling four dimensional geo-coded data. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Zurich, 2, 918-927

Belopolsky, VI and Dubrovsky, VE (1994) Dynamic presentation of magnified graphical characters on the IBM-compatible computers, Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers, 26, (2), 125-127

Benedetti, R (1991) On the modifiable unit problem, a monte carlo approach. EGIS '91 Proceedings, 85-94, Brussels, Belgium

Benford, S, Snowdon, D, Greenhalgh, C, Ingram, R, Knox, I and Brown, C (1995) Vr-vibe, a virtual environment for cooperative information-retrieval, Computer Graphics Forum, 14, (3), C349-C360

Bengtsson, P, Johansson, CR and Akselsson, KR (1997) Planning working environment and production by using paper drawings and computer animation, Ergonomics, 40, (3), 334-347

Bengtsson, P, Johansson, CR, Afklercker, J and Akselsson, KR (1996) Cooperation in planning of production and working environments supported by computer-graphics, International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing, 6, (2), 101-130

Bengtsson, P, Johansson, CR, Eriksson, J, Johansson, GI, Afklercker, J and Akselsson, KR (1996) Computer-aided planning of production, working and residential environments, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 17, (1), 59-68

Benigar, JR (1991) Visualization, the 2nd computer revolution, Friedhoff, R. M., Benzon, W., Communication Research, 18, (1), 122

Benson, PJ and Perrett, DI (1993) Extracting prototypical facial images from exemplars. Perceptions, 22 (3), 257-262

Bergandine, D and Koker, T (1993) Visualization in teaching chemistry, Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 205, (1), 338-CHED

Bergen, SD, Ulbricht, CA, Fridley, JL and Ganter, MA (1995) The validity of computer-generated graphic images of forest landscape, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, (2), 135-146

Berlyant, AM and Ushakova, LA (1993) Dynamic maps, a new type of cartographic production. Proceedings of the 16th International Cartographic Association Conference, Köln, Germany, 489-494.

Bertin, J (1995) Maps and graphics in the journal Population, Les cartes et les graphiques de la revue Population, Population, 50, (6), 1367-1377

Bible, DS and Hsieh, CH (1996) Applications of geographic information systems for the analysis of apartment rents, Journal of real estate research, 12, (1), 79-88

Biocca, F (1992) Communication within virtual reality, creating a space for research, Journal of communication, 42, (4), 5

Birkin, M, Clarke, G, Clarke, M and Wilson, A (1990) Elements of a model-based GIS for the evaluation of urban policy. In L. Worrall (ed.) Geographic information systems, developments and applications, Belhaven Press, London, 133-162

Birkin, M, Clarke, G, Clarke, M and Wilson, A (1996) Intelligent GIS: location decisions and strategic planning, GeoInformation International, Cambridge

Bishop, G, Monger, M and Ramsey, P (1990) A visualization programming environment for multicomputers, Multicmpuing, 10, (4), 50-58

Bishop, I (1992) Visualization in the natural-environment, a look forward, Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, (4), 289-291

Bishop, ID and Karadaglis, C (1997) Linking modelling and visualisation for natural resources management, Environment and Planning B, Planning & Design, 24, (3), 345-358

Bishop, PJ and Intraub, H (1996) Visual dissociation of digitized photographs, Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers, 28, (3), 365-371

Bjørkeand Aasgaard, R (1990) Cartographic zoom. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Zurich, 1, 345-353

Blachet, D (1991) On interpreting observed relationships between population growth and economic growth, a graphical exposition, Population and development review, 17, (1), 105-114

Blades, M (1997) How maps work. Representation, visualization and design, MacEachren, A. M., Journal of Environmental Psychology, 17, (2), 171-173

Blakemore, M (1992) Cartography, Progress in human geography, 16, (1), 75

Blinn, JF (1990) Wonderful world of video, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 10, (3), 83-87

Bogaerts, T (1991) GIS for health and environment, Cities, 8, (1), 17- 24

Bond, D and Devine, P (1991) The role of geographic information systems in survey analysis, Statistician, 40, (2), 209-216

BonhamCarter, G (1994) Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modelling with GIS, Pergamon Press, New York

Bonin, S (1991) Graphical representation of population structures Representation graphiques des structures de population

Borenstein, M, Cohen, J, Rothstein, HR, Pollack, S and Kane, JM (1992) A visual approach to statistical power analysis on the microcomputer, Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers, 24, (4), 565-572

Bormel, JI and Ferguson, LR (1994) Visualization and analysis of cooccurrence and cross-tabulation data in medical-research, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Ss, 944-948

Bosworth, K, Espelage, D, Dunbay, T, Dahlberg, LL and Daytner, G (1996) Using multimedia to teach conflict-resolution skills to young adolescents

Boudreau, R and Rao, CR (1995) Graphical representation of blood group data of human populations, Journal of quantitative anthropology, 5, (3), 191-214

Bowman, A and Young, S (1996) Graphical comparison of nonparametric curves, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 45, (1), 83-98

Bowman, AW (1994) Multivariate density-estimation, theory, practice and visualization, Scott, D. W., Journal of Classification, 11, (2), 261-262

Bracken, I (1993) An extensive surface model database for population-related information, concept and application, Environment and Planning B, Planning & Design, 20, (1), 13-27

Bragdon, CR, Juppe, JM and Georgiopoulos, AX (1995) Sensory spatial systems simulation (s-4) applied to the master planning process, east-coast and west-coast case-studies, Environment and Planning B, Planning & Design, 22, (3), 303-314

Brandt, R, Groenewoudt, BJ and Kvamme, KL (1992) An experiment in archaeological site location, modeling in the Netherlands using GIS techniques, World archaeology, 24, (2), 268

Brewer, C (1994) Color use guidelines for mapping and visualization. In A. M. MacEachren and D. R. F. Taylor (eds) Visualization in Modern Cartography, Elsevier, New York, 123-147

Brewer, C (1994) Guidelines for use of the perceptual dimensions of color for mapping and visualization. Proceedings of the International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE) 2171, 54-63

Brewer, CA (1994) Color use guidelines for mapping and visualization. In A. M. MacEachren and D. R. F. Taylor (eds) Visualization in Modern Cartography. Pergamon, Oxford, 123-147

Brittain, DL, Aller, J, Wilson, M and Wang, SLC (1990) Design of an end-user data visualization system. Visualization '90. Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Visualization, 323-328, October, San Francisco, California

Brodlie, KW, Carpenter, LA, Earnshaw, RA, Gallop, JR, Hubbold, RJ, Mumford, AM, Osland, C and Quarendon, P. (1993) Scientific visualization techniques and applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin

Brown, ME and Gallimore, JJ (1995) Visualization of 3-dimensional structure during computer-aided-design, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 7, (1), 37-56

Brown, WM (1996) VRML translator for GRASS 4. 2, p. vrml, Geographic Modeling and Systems Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois

(http://www.cecer.army.mil/grass/viz/pvrml.man.html)

Brown, WM and Astley, M (1995) NVIZ tutorial, Geographic Modeling and Systems Laboratory, Uni Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois

(http://www.cecer.army.mil/grass/viz/nviz.tut.html)

Brown, WM, Astley, M, Baker, T and Mitasova, H (1995) GRASS as an integrated GIS and visualization environment for spatio-temporal modeling. Proceedings of the Auto-Carto 12, Charlotte, North Carolina, 89-99.

Brunsdon, C (1991) Estimating probability surfaces in GIS, an adaptive technique. EGIS '91 Proceedings, 155-164, Brussels, Belgium

Brunsdon, C and Charlton, M (1996) Developing an exploratory spatial analysis system in Xlisp-Stat. In D. Parker (ed.) Innovations in GIS 3, Taylor & Francis, London, 135-145.

Buchanan, DJ and Wesolowsky, GO (1993) Locating a noxious facility with respect to several polygonal regions using asymmetric distances, Iie Transactions, 25, (1), 77-88

Budic, ZD (1994) Effectiveness of geographic information systems in local planning, Journal of the American Planning Association, 60, (2), 244-263

Buja, A, Cook, D and Swayne, D (1996) Interactive high-dimensional data visualization, Journal of the Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5, (1) 78-99.

Buja, A, Cook, D, Asimov, D and Hurley, C (1997) Dynamic projections in high-dimensional visualization, theory and computational methods, Journal of the Computational and Graphical Statistics

Bullen, N, Moon, G and Jones, K (1996) Defining localities for health planning: a GIS approach, Social science & medicine, 42, (6), 801-816

Bulthoff, HH and Edelman, S (1992) Psychophysical support for a 2-dimensional view interpolation theory of object recognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89, (1), 60-64

Burdea, G and Coiffet, P (1994) Virtual reality technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York

Burdea, G, Richard, P and Coiffet, P (1996) Multimodal virtual-reality, input-output devices, system integration, and human-factors, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 8, (1), 5-24

Burgess, RG. (ed., 1995) Computing and qualitative research: studies in qualitative methodology 5, JAI Press, Greenwich

Burke, RR (1996) Virtual shopping, breakthrough in marketing-research, Harvard Business Review, 74, (2), 120

Burkhart, HE (1992) Scientific visualization for the study and use of forest stand simulators, Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, (4), 317-318

Burley, JB and Brown, TJ (1995) Constructing interpretable environments from multidimensional data: GIS suitability overlays and principal component analysis, Journal of environmental planning and management, 38, (4), 537-550

Burrough, PA and Frank, AU. (1996) Geographic objects with indeterminate boundaries, Taylor & Francis, London

Burt, DM and Perrett, DI (1995) Perception of age in adult caucasian male faces, computer graphic manipulation of shape and color information. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 259, (1355), 137-143

Buttenfield, B (1998) Cartography, Visualization of spatial data, Kraak, M. J., Ormeling, F. J., International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 12, (2), 192-193

Buttenfield, BP and Beard, MK (1994) Graphical and geographical components of data quality. In H. M. Hearnshaw and D. J. Unwin (eds) Visualization in Geographical Information Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 150-157

Buttenfield, BP and Ganter, JH (1990) Visualization and GIS, what should we see? What might we miss? Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Zurich, 1, 307-316

Buttenfield, BP and Weber, CR (1994) Proactive graphics for exploratory visualization of biogeographical data, Cartographic Perspectives, 19, 8-18

Cabral, B and Hunter, C (1990) Visualization tools at Lawrence Livermore national laboratory. In G. M. Nielson, B. Shriver and L. J. Rosenblum (eds) Visualization in Scientific Computing, IEEE Computer Society Press, California, 221-230

Campbell, H (1992) Organisational issues and the implementation of GIS in Massachusetts and Vermont, some lessons for the United Kingdom, Environment and planning B, 19, (1), 85

Campbell, JC, Radke, J, Gless, JT and Wirtshafter, RM (1992) An application of linear programming and geographic information systems, cropland allocation in Antigua, Environment and planning A, 24, (4), 535

Can, A (1992) Residential quality assessment. Alternative approaches using GIS, Annals of regional science, 26, (1), 97-110

Can, A (1993) Tiger line files in teaching GIS, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 7, (6), 561-572

Caporal, J (1995) HyperGeo, a geographical hypermedia system. Proceedings of the Joint European Conference and Exhibition on Geographical Information, Den Haag, 1, 90-95.

Carlstedt, B and Mardberg, B (1993) Construct-validity of the swedish enlistment battery, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 34, (4), 353-362

Carney, B (1992) The visualizing generalist, Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, (4), 313-315

Carpenter, EH, Wolfe, FH, Carpenter, KD, Cox, DE and Kohn, PR (1997) Multimedia, Hybrid asynchronous courses using Internet and CD-ROM, Editing and authoring considerations, Social Science Computer Review, 15, (1), 98-114

Carroll, BC and Cotter, GA (1997) A new generation of grey literature, the impact of advanced information technologies. Publishing Research Quaterly, 13, (2), 5-14

Carswell, CM (1992) Choosing specifiers, an evaluation of the basic tasks model of graphical perception, Human Factors, 34, (5), 535-554

Carter, J. (1997) Developing a visualisation gateway to Census data at MIDAS. Advisory group on computer graphics, technical report series 33 (graphics, visualization and the social sciences workshop report), 2/5-2/7 (see also http://www.geog.le.ac.uk /argus)

Cartonnet, Y and Poitou, JP (1996) Reading spatial and kinematic relationships in technical drawings, effects of graphic rendering and of vocational experience, Travail Humain, 59, (2), 113-135

Cartwright, W (1994) Interactive multimedia for mapping. In A. M. MacEachren and D. R. F. Taylor (eds) Visualization in Modern Cartography. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 63-90

Cartwright, W (1997) New media and it's application to the production of map products, Computers & Geosciences, 23, 4, 447-456.

Carver, S, Blake, MTurton, IAnd Duke-Williams, O. (1996) Developing new approaches to spatial decision support, putting GIS on the web. Working Paper 96/17, School of Geography, University of Leeds

Carver, S. (1997) Using (geo)graphical environments on the WWW to improve public participation in social science research. Advisory group on computer graphics, technical report series 33 (graphics, visualization and the social sciences workshop report), 2/11-2/14

Carver, SJ, Cornelius, SC, Heywood, DI and Sear, DA (1995) Using computers and geographical information systems for expedition fieldwork, Geographical journal, 161, (2), 167-176

Casey, C (1992) Application report, transactions and answer judging in multimedia instruction, a way to transact with features appearing in video and graphic images, Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 19, (4), 131-136

Cassettari, S (1993) Introduction to integrated geo-information management, Chapman & Hall, London

Cauvin, C and Reymond, H (1991) Spatial interaction and cartography, solutions from W. Tobler, Interaction spatiale et cartographie, les solutions de W. Tobler, Espace populations societes, 3, 467

Cauvin, C;Enaux, C (1991) From data platting to map transformation. Some proposals for mapping of population data, De la cartographie de report a la cartographie transformationelle, Propositions pour la representation des donnees de population, Espace populations societes, 3, 487

Chalmers, M (1995) Bead, an information visualization system. Proceedings of the Asis Annual Meeting, 32, 249

Chang, SR, Son, K and Choi, YS (1996) Measurement and 3-dimensional graphic representations of Korean seatpan and seatback contours, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 18, (2-3), 147-152

Charlton, ME and Ellis, S (1991) GIS in planning, Planning outlook, 34, (1), 20

Chau, PYK (1993) Decision-support using traditional simulation and visual interactive simulation, Information and Decision Technologies, 19, (1), 63-76

Chau, PYK (1995) An empirical-study evaluating the usefulness of dynamic graphical display in decision-support, Journal of Information Science, 21, (3), 201-208

Chau, PYK and Bell, PC (1995) Designing effective simulation-based decision-support systems, an empirical-assessment of 3 types of decision-support systems, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 46, (3), 315-331

Chavis, DD, Concannon, MJ, Croll, GH and Puckett, CL (1993) Computer-generated slide graphics, an exciting advancement or a problem. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 92, (1), 91-96

Chen, CM and Rada, R (1996) Interacting with hypertext, a metaanalysis of experimental studies, Human-Computer Interaction, 11, (2), 125-156

Chenoweth, R (1992) A facet analysis of visualization for environmental-management, Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, (4), 247-251

Ching, RP, Thompson, DC, Thompson, RS, Thomas, DJ, Chilcott, WC and Rivara, FP (1997) Damage to bicycle helmets involved with crashes, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 29, (5), 555-562

Choi, BK, Han, KH and Park, TY (1996) Object-oriented graphical modeling of FMSs, International journal of flexible manufacturing systems, 8, (2), 159-182

Christou, C, Koenderink, JJ and Vandoorn, AJ (1996) Surface gradients, contours and the perception of surface attitude in images of complex scenes. Perception, 25, (6), 701-713

Chun, DM and Brandl, KK (1992) Beyond form-based drill and practice, meaning-enhancing call on the macintosh, Foreign Language Annals, 25, (3), 255-267

Cicconetti, C, Gasparini, E, Mastretta, M and Morten, E (1991) A computer graphic reconstruction of the architectural structure of medieval genoa, Environment and Planning B, Planning & Design, 18, (1), 25

Clark, AM and Thomas, FG (1990) The geography of the 1991 census. Population Trends, 60, 9-15

Clarke, G and Longley, P (eds, 1995) GIS for business and service planning, GeoInformation International, Cambridge

Clarke, GP and Langley, R (1996) A review of the potential of GIS and spatial modelling for planning in the new education market, Environment and planning C, 14, (3), 301-324

Clarke, KC, Hoppen, S and Gaydos, I (1997) A self-modifying cellular automation of historical urbanisation in the San Francisco Bay area, Environment and Planning B, Planning & Design, 24, (2), 247-261

Clarke, M (1990) Geographical information systems and model based analysis, towards effective decision support systems. In H. J. Scholten and J. C. H. Stillwell (eds) Geographical information systems for urban and regional planning, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 165-176

Clayden, A. (1997) Design visualisation and communication, the application of computer aided design and animation in landscape teaching. Advisory group on computer graphics, technical report series 33 (graphics, visualization and the social sciences workshop report), 2/15-2/17

Cochrane, C (1995) Learning to use a graphics presentation package, the complexity of an undergraduate learning-task, Education for Information, 13, (2), 131-143

Cockings, S, Fisher, PF and Langford, M (1997) Paramentization and visualization of the errors in areal interpolation, Geographical Analysis, 29, (4), 314-328

Colet, E and Aaronson, D (1995) Visualization of multivariate data, human-factors considerations, Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers, 27, (2), 257-263

Coll, R, Thyagarajan, A and Chopra, S (1991) An experimental-study comparing the effectiveness of computer-graphics data versus computer tabular data, IEEE Transactions On Systems Man and Cybernetics, 21, (4), 897-900

Commean, PK, Smith, KE and Vannier, MW (1996) Design of a 3D surface scanner for lower-limb prosthetics, a technical note, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 33, (3), 267-278

Conger, JA (1993) The brave-new-world of leadership training, Organizational Dynamics, 21, (3), 46-58

Conners, SR (1996) Informing decision-makers and identifying niche opportunities for windpower, use of multiattribute trade-off analysis to evaluate non-dispatchable resources, Energy Policy, 24, (2), 165-176

Connor, SJ (1994) Using geographical information systems for decision-support in national development planning, Development in practice, 5, (4), 356-360

Cook, D and Buja, A (1997) Manual controls for high-dimensional data projections, Journal of the Computational and Graphical Statistics

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The 1990s: some key authors

1. MacEachren, A
2. Fisher, P
3. Kraak, M-J
   Batty, M
   Bullenfield, D
   Dorling, D
   Jiang, B
   Monmonier, M
   Openshaw, S
   Unwin, D

Screenshot from ESRI's ArcView GIS showing an interpolated surface of response rates to a 'counsumer survey'
source: anon.

'hyperbolic visualisation'
source: http://www.geom.umn.edu/docs/research/webviz/webviz/node2.html